論文發表人：韓鈴（加州大學聖地牙哥分校社會學研究所博士班）
http://www.pacificsoc.org/2006/02/program-san-diego-2009.html
中國新興婦女組織運動在國際和國家維繫著相互合作和依賴的關係，也隱含策略性的互動，隱蔽的競爭和合作關係。本文提出雙重共生(Double Symbiosis)的概念，中國婦女組織運動並不直接挑戰和改變既存的威權體制，但透過組織運動的方式產生社會改變，組織不時關注國家釋放出來的訊息，了解組織運作空間的可能性。婦女組織作為執行國際組織理念的載體，透過不斷的協商與國際基金會協調執行方向，基金會也會在跟組織互動過程去調整在中國的資助方向，婦女組織和國家與國際資源是雙重共生的關係，相互協商、影響、滲透、互惠。本文以性別概念作為切入點，共訪談二十六位中國新興婦女組織運動者，深入了解她們的個人性別意識啟蒙經驗，中國的成長背景如何形塑她們的性別意識認同，九五聯合國世婦會後，國際接軌過程帶來的西方女性主義經驗又如何影響運動者的性別概念，進而探討西方「性別」概念在中國的轉化。另外筆者以四個北京婦女組織為研究個案，探討這四個組織在發展過程經歷什麼樣的轉變，在既有的制度環境和外國資源的趨勢要求下，採取什麼樣的組織策略。
Translations of cross-cultural ideas are disjunctures in this globalizing age and could create spaces for activism. In my case studies of women's organizations in Beijing, I discovered that different culture has its own distinctive system of gender meanings, but in a globalizing context, these gender repertories are fused with international egalitarian ideals. While generation is one way to explain why activist adopt particular gender repertories, what is common for all these activists is that in order to secure a space for women's activism in China, they need to strategically manipulate pieces of gender rhetoric that are acceptable by the Chinese government and also appealing to a broader international community for supports. The still-floating concepts of "gender" in China allow activists the flexibility to create new spaces for female activism. My case study of women's organizations in Beijing investigates what cultural repertories these activists draw to justify their own actions at the individual level, organization level and to extend the organizational objectives to different audiences. My basic assumption is that culture not only matters for social movement organizing at the instrumental level to induce cooperation but is always a way of life for activists to rationalize their own actions. Both "deep" and "thin" cultures matters and are apparent for activists who are situated in globalizing contexts. It is never an easy game for social movement activist when they consider their personal actions in accordance to larger audiences. My study hopes to shed light how multiple identities are at work and what repertories they adopt when they interact with different audiences.
