Transactional, Transformational, Transcendental Leadership:Motivation Effectiveness and Measurement of Transcendental Leadership

 

論文發表人: 劉慧娥 (南加州大學 公共行政學博士班)

 

http://www.ipa.udel.edu/3tad/

 

現有的領導理論, 例如交易型領導及轉換型領導, 預設穩定及確定的外在環境,無法在今日不斷變遷的全球化時代,有效地激勵員工。這篇文章首先提出超越型領導理論以統合現有的領導理論, 並進一步超越現有的領導理論。超越型領導理論主張領導者以利他,存在意義作為領導的動機, 重視內控型人格, 故較交易型領導及轉換型領導更能有效地全面性地激勵員工。基於理論及結構方程式數據分析, 這篇文篇並提出新的超越型領導測量量表。

 

Existent leadership theories, such as transactional and transformational leadership, based on the assumption of stability and certainty, can't effectively motive employee in the quickly changing environment. This paper suggests that transcendental leadership incorporates and extends existent leadership theories by providing the motives behind leaders' practices, altruistic love, meanings, and spiritual survival. Transcendental leadership with high internal locus of control extrinsically, intrinsically, and transcendentally motivate employee and thus is more effective than transactional leadership and transformational leadership in motivating employee in the uncertain age. In addition, based on theories, this paper tests existing spiritual leadership scale and creates a new transcendental leadership scale.