Can Western Risk Factors of School Violence Predict School Violence in Taiwan? Implication for Cultural Similarities or Difference in School Violence Between West and East Asia.

論文發表人：陳季康(南加大社會工作學院社會工作博士班)

 

http://www.sswr.org/conferences.php

 

研究目的：許多研究者指出不同文化的價值觀以及不同文化背景會影響人類行為與思考上的差異 (Nisbett, 2003)。因此校園暴力危機因素以及校園暴力的關係有可能會因為所處的文化背景而有所不同。然而，極少數的研究檢視是否文化背景的差異導致危機因素與校園暴力關係的不同。此外，在亞洲國家中，目前沒有任何大型的研究探討導致校園暴力的危機因素。也無從得知，西方的校園暴力發生的危機因素是否適用在東亞文化的情境中。這份研究目的就在探討是否西方的校園暴力危機因素能夠預測發生在東亞文化情境下的校園暴力行為。

 

研究方法：此研究分析樣本為臺灣國家機率抽樣樣本。分析對象為全臺灣所有國中學童共約2989人。

 

研究結果：多元迴歸分析的結果顯示，學生就讀的年級愈低(beta=-0.05, p=0.01)，男性學生(beta=0.15, p=0.00)，吸煙行為(beta=0.11, p=0.00)，喝酒行為(beta=0.07, p=0.00)，直接暴力受害經驗(beta=0.16, p=0.00)，目睹暴力受害的經驗(beta=0.09, p=0.00)，較差的衝動控制(beta=0.07, p=0.01)，對於暴力採取正向的態度(beta=0.11, p=0.00)，生氣特質(beta=0.06 p=0.02)，父母監督(beta=-0.04, p=0.02)，較差的師生關係(beta=0.07, p=0.00)，較差的同儕品質(beta=0.15, p=0.00)，以及低程度的校園連結度(beta=0.08, p=0.00 )可以成功的預測臺灣的校園暴力。然而，家庭的社經地位(beta=0.02, p=0.31)，家庭衝突(beta=-0.03, p=0.11)，以及學校的學業表現(beta=-0.01, p=0.48)無法成功預測臺灣的校園暴力。

 

研究啟示：本研究顯示大部分的西方校園暴力危機因素可以成功的預測臺灣校園暴力。這項結果也提出證據證明校園暴力與危機因素的關係具有文化的相似性。這項研究成果可供未來發展臺灣本土或國際性的校園暴力處遇計畫的重要參考。

 

Topic: Can Western Risk Factors of School Violence Predict School Violence in Taiwan? Implication for Cultural Similarities or Difference in School Violence Between West and East Asia.

 

Purpose

Researchers have posited that people from different cultures behave, think, and perceive differently, largely due to differing contexts and risk factors (Nisbett, 2003). These differences may lead to varying results in the relationship between risk factors and school violence perpetration. However, few empirical studies examined whether the structural relationship between risk factors and school violence is similar or different across cultures. Additionally, there has not been any large-scale representative study on risk factors contributing to school violence in East Asia. It is unknown whether the relevance of findings of studies in western countries applies to students in other context such as East Asian cultures. Toward addressing these gaps, this study aims to explore whether the various risk factors found in the western world and predicted by western empirically based theories can also predict school violence in East Asian culture context.

Method

The data based in this study is a cross-sectional and national probability sample. The data was collected by Prevention and Control of School Violence Project in Taiwan and funded by Taiwan National Science Council. Data was collected in 2000. The total sample included 14,022 students from elementary to high school (Grade 4 to Grade 12). The analysis reported in this study focuses on only junior high school students (Grade 7 to 9, N=2,989). Students were given a structured and anonymous questionnaire and were asked about personal, family, and school information, and students' self-report violent school behaviors.

Results

The results of final regression model showed that students' violent school behavior could be predicted by students' grade level (beta=-0.05, p=0.01), gender (beta=0.15, p=0.00), smoking (beta=0.11, p=0.00), alcohol use (beta=0.07, p=0.00), direct victimization (beta=0.16, p=0.00), witness victimization (beta=0.09, p=0.00), poor impulsive control (beta=0.07, p=0.01), students' positive attitude toward violence (beta=0.11, p=0.00), students' anger trait (beta=0.06 p=0.02), parent monitoring, (beta=-0.04, p=0.02), poor student-teacher relationship (beta=0.07, p=0.00), risk peer groups (beta=0.15, p=0.00), and low level of school bonding (beta=0.08, p=0.00 ). However, family socioeconomic status (beta=0.02, p=0.31), and family conflict (beta=-0.03, p=0.11), and students' grade points average (beta=-0.01, p=0.48) could not predict students' violent school behavior in Taiwan.

Implication

Most of these relationships between risk factors and school violence found in empirical studies in western world applied to East Asian cultural context of Taiwan. The findings may tend to support a cultural similarity between West and East Asia among the relationships of school violence perpetration and various risk factors. This may provide information for school policy makers or clinicians to develop a new direction of worldwide prevention and intervention strategies for school violence.

Reference

Nisbett, R.E. (2003) The geography of though: How Asian and Westerners think differently…and why. New York: The Free Press.